Death by hanging not quick: data show
Hangings in Japan took 14 minutes on average in the 1940s and 1950s, according to documents recently found by a researcher, a finding that could prompt debate over the cruelty of executions.
Kenji Nagata, a penology expert, said it is the first time the number of minutes it takes to execute an inmate has been confirmed in official documents, noting the duration is likely to be the same today because no changes have been made to the method of execution.
According to Nagata, an associate professor at Kansai University, the English-language documents discovered in the National Diet Library contained legible records of 45 hangings from 1948 to 1951, when Japan was still under the Allied Occupation.
Hanging has been the execution method stipulated in the penal code since 1882 — a practice criticized by human rights groups in recent decades.
The recently discovered documents are "important for discussing the death penalty and the cruelty of execution by hanging," Nagata said.
The existence of the documents was widely known, but the Justice Ministry had not disclosed them despite requests. The ministry declined comment on the records found this time.
Nagata found the documents, believed to be copies of the original records collected by the Occupation authorities and now kept at the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, in a microfiche stored at the library in Tokyo.
The documents show the start and end times of 46 executions between 1948 and 1951, but one record was illegible. The longest execution time was 21 minutes and the shortest was 10 minutes and 55 seconds. The average was 14 minutes and 17 seconds.
The documents include the names of the inmates and their family members, the nature of their crimes, dates of the rulings and scheduled dates and places of executions.
Nagata said the length of executions probably varied because the hanging rope sometimes did not get wrapped around the inmate's neck properly.
"I believe something similar could be happening even today, and we must consider whether executions that can't be carried out fairly are appropriate," he said.