
Japan Times: Singapore's Japanese prostitute era paved over
What an overwhelming majority...don't know about Singapore...was the countless Japanese women who worked here as prostitutes...women who were referred to simply as "Karayuki-san." [They] were Japanese peasant girls -- mostly from the Shimabara Peninsula in Nagasaki Prefecture and Amakusa Islands in Kumamoto Prefecture -- who were sold into the flesh trade in colonial Singapore and other parts of Southeast Asia. Japan...was a poor country a century ago, and women were one of its major exports, along with silk and coal. Karayuki-san, together with other Japanese women who served as prostitutes elsewhere, including Siberia, Hawaii, Australia and some parts of India and Africa, were said to be the third-biggest foreign currency earner for Japan at the turn of the 20th century. The existence of Karayuki-san in Singapore dates back to 1877, when there were two Japanese-owned brothels on Malay Street with 14 Japanese prostitutes, official Japanese data show...more...
Shohei Imamura's "Karayuki-san, the Making of a Prostitute"
Book Review: Ah Ku and Karayuki-san: Prostitution in Singapore, 1870-1940