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Around the 1930s, headhunting was suppressed among the Taiwanese aborigines during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan and among the Ilongot in the Philippines by the US authorities.
Today it is a universally prohibited practice, and appears to have died out as of the mid-20th century.
As a practice, headhunting has been the subject of intense discussion within the anthropological community as to its possible social roles, functions and motivations. Contemporary scholars generally agree that its primary function was ceremonial, and that it was part of the process of structuring, reinforcing and defending hierarchical relationships between communities and individuals. The debate is about the finer detail. Some believe that it was practiced because of a belief that the head contained "soul matter" or life force that could be harnessed through its capture. Themes that arise in anthropological writings about headhunting include mortification of the rival, ritual violence, cosmological balance, the display of manhood, cannibalism and prestige.
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