Libraries have a special rules allowing them some additional rights vs individuals as a form of public benefit. Also in the case of books (less so in other media products), the first sale doctrine also applies (if you buy it, you can do want you want with actual item you purchased, excluding reproduction...so you can give it to a friend, burn it, stick it up your ass without special permissions from the copyright owner). But the fact is that library did pay for it, and given the physical requirement of the item, there is a limit of how much "use" a item can receive (ie, only one person can use it at time) so the down side of for the copyright owner is fairly limited vs a downloadable item that could be copied by 100K people in a matter of hours.
In the case of hulu.com, last.fm, radio stations, ect, ect, all of those places are paying licensing fees to stream that content...it may be free to you, but someone paying for it.
Magazines in doctors offices are often prized positions among publishers because they mean that more than one person will be reading it, giving the publishers more "readers" to justify their ad rates. Given that most magazines and newspapers often don't even cover production/distribution costs with subscription rates, but rather make their money through advertising, these people generally don't mind other people reading the physical product even if they didn't pay anything for it.
In most electronics stores nowadays, they often show pre-cleared content on 30 minute loop via direct line....this way they can control the quality of the signal as well as content (showing the stock market tanking isn't going to help the sales of plasma TVs) and to have a range of content to show off the how good the TVs look...although many still put on football games when they are one (even though the NFL has a problem with that and they have even gone after churches with superbowl parties demanding they pay public display licensing fees). In the case of content from TV stations, a similar situation to magazines applies...they actually factor in viewers in public spaces into their ratings
At universities, free films are likely paid through the student activity fee (or are being sponsored by someone who is paying the licensing fee), so while it may seem free, the students have already paid for it.